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Blank cheque
A blank cheque or carte blanche (USA: blank check), in the literal sense, is a cheque that has no numerical value written in, but is already signed. In the figurative or metaphoric sense, it is used (especially in politics) to describe a situation in which an agreement has been made that is open-ended or vague, and therefore subject to abuse, or in which a party is willing to consider any expense in the pursuance of their goals.
== Literal meaning ==
Cheque users are normally advised to specify the amount of the cheque before signing it. If created accidentally, a blank cheque can be extremely dangerous for its owner, because whoever obtains the cheque could write in any amount of money, and would be able to cash it (to the extent that the chequing account contains such funds, also depending on the laws in the specific country).
One might give a blank cheque to a trusted agent for the payment of a debt where the writer of the cheque does not know the amount required, and it is not convenient or possible for the writer to enter the amount when it becomes known. In many cases, it is possible to annotate a cheque with a notional limit with a statement such as "''amount not to exceed $1000''". In theory, the bank should refuse to process a cheque in excess of the stated amount.
The "formal" American legal term for a blank cheque is an – rather, a blank cheque is an ''example'' of an incomplete instrument, which more generally is any incomplete signed writing – and these are covered in the Uniform Commercial Code's Article 3, Section 115.〔(§ 3-115. INCOMPLETE INSTRUMENT. )〕 Filling in an amount into a blank cheque, without the authority of the signer, is an ''alteration'' (covered in (Article 3, Section 407 )), and is legally equivalent to changing the numbers on a completed (non-blank) cheque, namely that the cheque writer is ''not'' liable for the cheque. However, the cheque writer has the burden of proving that the alteration was not authorized.〔Article 3, Section 115(d) – more precisely, "the burden is on . . . the person asserting the lack of authority."〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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